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Dr. Jean Marcel Ngoko Djiokap, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, "Control of Electron Motion on an Attosecond Timescale ", Atomic, Molecular, And Optical Physics Seminar4:00pm
2/24
Dr. Jean Marcel Ngoko Djiokap, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, "Control of Electron Motion on an Attosecond Timescale ", Atomic, Molecular, And Optical Physics Seminar
Wednesday, February 24th, 2021
04:00 PM - 05:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Jean Marcel Ngoko Djiokap, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Control of Electron Motion on an Attosecond Timescale
Technological advances 20 years ago in producing new extreme ultraviolet coherent light sources with attosecond duration have created a new research field, namely, attosecond physics. A main goal of attosecond physics is to control electron motion on its natural (attosecond) timescale, in order to probe bond formation and breaking in molecules during chemical reactions. A milestone toward achieving such goal is the experimental realization of isolated, few-cycle, attosecond pulses seeded by a free electron laser (FEL) or high harmonic generation (HHG) with stable and tunable carrier-envelope phase (CEP), and with full control of their polarizations. Unlike HHG, X-ray attosecond pulses from FEL have sufficient intensities that permit the realization of the holy grail (atto-pump/atto-probe experiments) of attosecond physics. Use of circularly or elliptically polarized attosecond light opens the possibility of presently investigating and manipulating linear and nonlinear effects that are not accessible with linearly-polarized pulses. In this talk, after briefly introducing the physical mechanisms at the basis of attosecond pulse generation, I will focus on our numerical and analytical methods for the investigation of ultrafast ionization processes in atoms and molecules of astrophysical interest, with emphasis on two-electron processes in which electron correlations play a key role. Enabled by the broad bandwidth of attosecond pulses, the first unusual effect we predicted in double photoionization of H2 by an intense few-cycle elliptically polarized attosecond pulse is the molecular symmetry-mixed dichroism (MSMD. The other effect is the novel electron phenomenon of electron vortices in attosecond photoionization of atoms and molecules, which provides a dramatic example of wave-particle duality. Our predictions of electron matter-wave vortices, which have now been observed experimentally, have already opened a new interdisciplinary area in physics. -
Dr. S. Feeney, UCL, "Clarifying the Hubble Constant Tension", Astronomy Seminar11:00am
2/24
Dr. S. Feeney, UCL, "Clarifying the Hubble Constant Tension", Astronomy Seminar
Wednesday, February 24th, 2021
11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. S. Feeney, UCL
Clarifying the Hubble Constant Tension
Our best estimate of the Universe's current expansion rate (the Hubble constant) from the local Universe (via the Cepheid distance ladder) is in four-sigma tension with the value extrapolated from cosmic microwave background data assuming the standard cosmology. Whether this discrepancy represents physics beyond the Standard Model or deficiencies in our understanding of the data is the subject of intense debate. In this talk, I will review the community's attempts to explain and interpret the Hubble constant tension, clarifying the current picture using Bayesian probability theory, and consider the potential for independent gravitational wave observations to arbitrate the dispute. -
Prof. Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Ubiquitous presence of "electric tension" & "magnetic resistance" all across physics theories", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
2/19
Prof. Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Ubiquitous presence of "electric tension" & "magnetic resistance" all across physics theories", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, February 19th, 2021
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
Ubiquitous presence of
"electric tension" & "magnetic resistance" all across physics theories
I will use Huygens' process driven thinking introduced in the context of his
postulate of "Secondary Wavelets" along with his "Non-Interaction of Waves",
pronounced in his 1690 book, and his concept of a Cosmic Aether field. I also
accept the built-in causality in our math. Nature always harbors statistical
outcomes to assure sustainable diversity in the universe, but never non-causal in its
perpetual evolutionary transformations. I will try to show that Huygens' Cosmic
Aether, holding the operationally active parameters so far is the best
unifying platform for all branches of physics.
1. C. Roychoudhuri, "Causal Physics: Photon by Non-Interaction of Waves", Taylor &
Francis, 2014.
2. C. Roychoudhuri, "Next frontier in physics -- space as a complex tension field", J. Mod. Phys., Volume 3, Number 10 (October 2012). -
Dr. Anh-Thu Le, Missouri University of Science and Technology, "Toward Ultrafast Molecular Imaging with Intense Laser Pulses ", Atomic, Molecular, And Optical Physics Seminar4:00pm
2/17
Dr. Anh-Thu Le, Missouri University of Science and Technology, "Toward Ultrafast Molecular Imaging with Intense Laser Pulses ", Atomic, Molecular, And Optical Physics Seminar
Wednesday, February 17th, 2021
04:00 PM - 05:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Anh-Thu Le, Missouri University of Science and Technology
Toward Ultrafast Molecular Imaging with Intense Laser Pulses
High harmonic generation (HHG), laser-induced electron diffraction, and other rescattering phenomena are at the heart of strong-field and attosecond physics. However, it is challenging to interpret experimental measurements as accurate ab initio calculations for molecules in intense laser fields are essentially prohibitive. Recently, we developed the quantitative rescattering theory to provide a simple solution to this problem. Our theory establishes direct links between these strongly nonlinear processes with the well-studied traditional scattering processes, thereby making realistic simulations possible. More importantly, our theory allows straightforward decoding of the imprints of the target structure from the experimental data. In this talk, I will present our recent contributions in interpreting different experiments and reconstructing molecular structure for targets that undergo ultrafast transformations. Furthermore, I will also discuss our progress in molecular imaging with ultrafast soft X-ray pulses from HHG or free-electron laser sources. Finally, I will discuss the challenges and our future directions in developing theoretical tools for practical realization of molecular "movies" with atomic resolution in space and time that can provide new insights into fundamental chemical reactions. -
Dr. Francois Mauger, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, " Watching electrons move in molecules", Atomic, Molecular, And Optical Physics Seminar4:00pm
2/15
Dr. Francois Mauger, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, " Watching electrons move in molecules", Atomic, Molecular, And Optical Physics Seminar
Monday, February 15th, 2021
04:00 PM - 05:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Francois Mauger, Department of Physics & Astronomy,
Louisiana State University
Watching electrons move in molecules
Electrons are the glue that holds matter together: Their spatial arrangement defines chemical bonds, and their time evolution controls reactions. But electrons are light, and they move fast, reaching down to the femtosecond and attosecond regimes. So probing dynamics at the spatial and temporal scales of electron motions in molecules is a formidable challenge, one that holds the promise of going beyond the "what happened" of spectroscopy to the "how did that happen" that a movie provides. New ultrafast light sources, like X-ray lasers and table-top attosecond sources, together with state-of-the-art theoretical tools are opening this frontier. In this talk I will discuss recent developments and future perspectives for watching coherent electron motion in molecules. This research, at the frontier of ultrafast science, involves cross-disciplinary approaches intersecting atomic and molecular physics and chemistry, optics and lasers, applied mathematics and computer science. -
Professor Philip Mannheim University of Connecticut Physics Department Colloquium Series, CANCELED/POSTPONED: Prof. Philip Mannheim (Physics Department Colloquium)3:30pm
2/12
Professor Philip Mannheim University of Connecticut Physics Department Colloquium Series, CANCELED/POSTPONED: Prof. Philip Mannheim (Physics Department Colloquium)
Friday, February 12th, 2021
03:30 PM - 04:30 PM
Storrs Campus Remote
Professor Philip Mannheim
University of Connecticut
Physics Department Colloquium Series
Title: Quantum mechanics off the beaten track
Abstract: We discuss some non-conventional options for quantum theory.
We show that not only do Hamiltonians not need
to be Hermitian to have real eigenvalues, they do not even need to be
diagonalizable or possess a complete spectrum of energy eigenstates. We
discuss how to formulate quantum mechanics in such cases.
We show that
it is not always possible to write the momentum operator as the familiar
derivative operator $-id/dx$ where x is real, and discuss what one should
then do. Following
work by Bender and Mannheim [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 110402 (2008)] we show
how these issues are relevant to the construction of a consistent theory
of quantum gravity in four spacetime dimensions. In this theory there is no observable graviton. -
Prof M. Gai, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Cold Fusion: What have we (and the white house) learned from this historical scientific blunder", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
2/12
Prof M. Gai, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Cold Fusion: What have we (and the white house) learned from this historical scientific blunder", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, February 12th, 2021
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof M. Gai,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Cold Fusion: What have we (and the white house) learned from this historical scientific blunder
Cold Fusion, a "discovery" announced in a press conference at the University of Utah, on March 23, 1989, is now recognized as the world most embarrassing scientific blunder. But at first it had seven weeks of glory (including Congress and the White House). Announcements of confirmations at Texas A&M, Georgia Tech, Los Alamos National Lab and other institutes worldwide, in Italy, Japan, USSR, etc. soon followed. The strong theoretical backing and indeed encouragement by Physics Nobel Laureate Julian Schwinger and his colleague at Harvard, Nobel Laureate Norman Ramsey, placed "Cold Fusion" on seemingly solid theoretical ground. The prospect of MIT applying for a patent on "Cold Fusion", as announced by MIT provost John Deutsch (later Head of the CIA), led a confused nation into celebrating a new future with endless cheap green energy contained in a jar of "Cold Fusion".
On May 2, 1989, in the historical meeting of the American Physical society in Baltimore, I reported the results of our Yale-Brookhaven collaboration, on the lack of the required neutrons and Nate Lewis of Caltech reported on lack of the much-touted excess heat. The two of us together (with others that followed) unambiguously demonstrated that "Cold Fusion", as claimed by many, does not exist.
I will review the so-called scientific claims and my personal story, as experienced by a young Assistant Professor at Yale. My mentor Professor D. Allan Bromely, the Science advisor to President H.W. Bush, Sr., reported to Congress and the White House the results of our Yale-Brookhaven measurement, and later, I led the only existing collaboration between a skeptic (myself) and a cold fusion advocate (Steve Jones of the Brigham Young University)-- the final nail that hit the jar. -
Dr. Kris Pardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory , "Detecting Gravitational Waves and Dark Matter with the Roman Space Telescope's Exoplanet Microlensing Survey", Astronomy Seminar11:00am
2/10
Dr. Kris Pardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory , "Detecting Gravitational Waves and Dark Matter with the Roman Space Telescope's Exoplanet Microlensing Survey", Astronomy Seminar
Wednesday, February 10th, 2021
11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Kris Pardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Detecting Gravitational Waves and Dark Matter with the Roman Space Telescope's Exoplanet Microlensing Survey
The Roman Space Telescope's Exoplanet Microlensing Survey will take tens of thousands of exposures of 10 million stars over 5 years, pinpointing their positions with extreme accuracy. The nominal purpose of this mission is to detect over a thousand planets; however, its unique design and excellent astrometric precision also open other avenues of astrophysical study. Gravitational waves and dark matter halos can both cause apparent changes in stellar positions in a correlated manner. In this talk, I will explain these phenomena and how this survey will let us study supermassive black hole populations and dark matter properties.
WebEx meeting URL: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/cmf19005 -
Prof A. Balatsky, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Dynamic Orders in Quantum matter ", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
2/5
Prof A. Balatsky, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Dynamic Orders in Quantum matter ", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, February 5th, 2021
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof A. Balatsky,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Dynamic Orders in Quantum matter
Quantum matter out of equilibrium emerge as an important platform to induce correlations and transient orders. Broad basic questions about orders that are inherently dynamic have been addressed in the context of driven cold atoms, spins, magnetic states and superconductors. I will discuss the example of emergent dynamic and entangled states in quantum paralelectrics where driven electric fluctuations induce magnetization, the *dynamic multiferroicity* phenomenon [1]. We see a rapidly growing list of unusual quantum states in time domain to be discovered. I will point to other examples of *dynamic orders* out of equilibrium, e.g. coherent states of magnons in Dirac materials [2]. In second part of the talk I will discuss the challenge of dark matter detection and quantum matter based sensors for Dark Matter.
[1] Dynamic multiferroicity of a ferroelectric quantum critical point, K Dunnett, JX Zhu, NA Spaldin, V Juričić, AV Balatsky, Physical review letters 122 (5), 057208 (2020); Dynamical multiferroicity, DM Juraschek, M Fechner, AV Balatsky, NA Spaldin, Physical Review Materials 1 (1), 014401(2017)
[2] Bose-Einstein condensate of Dirac magnons: pumping and collective modes, PO Sukhachov, S Banerjee, AV Balatsky, arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.01328 (2020) -
Dr. A. Stevens, NSF Postdoctoral Fellow, Michigan State University and University of Michigan, "Mapping Matter in Strong Gravity: Spectral-Timing of Black Holes and Neutron Stars ", Astronomy Seminar11:00am
2/3
Dr. A. Stevens, NSF Postdoctoral Fellow, Michigan State University and University of Michigan, "Mapping Matter in Strong Gravity: Spectral-Timing of Black Holes and Neutron Stars ", Astronomy Seminar
Wednesday, February 3rd, 2021
11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. A. Stevens, NSF Postdoctoral Fellow, Michigan State University and University of Michigan
Mapping Matter in Strong Gravity: Spectral-Timing of Black Holes and Neutron Stars
One of the best laboratories to study strong-field gravity is the inner 100s of kilometers around black holes and neutron stars in binary systems with low-mass stars like our Sun. The X-ray light curves of these systems show variability on timescales from milliseconds to months -- the rapid variability can appear as quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), which may be produced by general relativistic effects. My research looks at QPOs from black holes and neutron stars by applying state-of-the-art "spectral-timing" techniques to constrain the physical origin of these signals. In this talk, I will discuss data from NICER, an X-ray telescope attached to the International Space Station. I will also highlight open-source astronomy research software and the importance of mental wellbeing in academia.
Webex link: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/jot16106 -
Prof. J. Haraldsen, University of North Florida , "Examining multi-band effects on the electronic compressibility of a 2D electron gas: Insights into the negative compressibility of LAO/STO", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar11:00am
2/3
Prof. J. Haraldsen, University of North Florida , "Examining multi-band effects on the electronic compressibility of a 2D electron gas: Insights into the negative compressibility of LAO/STO", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Wednesday, February 3rd, 2021
11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. J. Haraldsen, University of North Florida
Examining multi-band effects on the electronic compressibility of a 2D electron gas: Insights into the negative compressibility of LAO/STO
In this study, we investigate the consequences of two electronic bands at the negative electronic compressibility (NEC) cross-over point for a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) using a simple homogeneous model with Coulombic interactions and first-order multi-band coupling. We examine the role of effective mass and relative permittivity in relation to the critical carrier density at the cross-over point through a comparison of one- and two-band models. In general, it is shown that the population of a second band, along with the presence of inter-band coupling, can dramatically change the cross-over carrier density. Given the difficulty in determining and confirming multi-band electronic systems, this model provides a potential method for identifying multi-band electronic systems using precise bulk electronic properties measurements. To help illustrate this method, we apply our results to the observed NEC in the 2D electron gas at the interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) and determine that, for the known parameters of LAO/STO, the system is likely a realization of a two-band 2D electron gas. Furthermore, we provide general limits on the inter-band coupling with respect to the electronic band population.
Zoom link: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62759109592 -
Prof. Stewart Prager, Princeton University, "Physicists Coalition for Nuclear Threat Reduction", Physics Colloquium (Professor Stewart Prager, Princeton University)3:30pm
1/29
Prof. Stewart Prager, Princeton University, "Physicists Coalition for Nuclear Threat Reduction", Physics Colloquium (Professor Stewart Prager, Princeton University)
Friday, January 29th, 2021
03:30 PM - 04:30 PM
Storrs Campus Online
Prof. Stewart Prager, Princeton University
Physicists Coalition for Nuclear Threat Reduction
The Increasing Peril from Nuclear Arms: and how physicists can help reduce the threat
With geopolitical and technological changes mostly driven by the nuclear weapons states, we are slipping towards a new arms race and deterioration of the multi-decade arms control regime. This talk will describe the current critical situation, feasible steps to reduce the nuclear threat, and a new project sponsored by the American Physical Society to engage physical scientists in advocacy for nuclear threat reduction.
Speaker Bio: Prof Stewart Prager is professor of astrophysical sciences at Princeton University, an affiliated faculty with the Program on Science and Global Security and former director of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Previously, while professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, he directed the Madison Symmetric Torus experiment and the Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas. His research has been in plasma physics and fusion energy, although his recent focus is on nuclear threat reduction.
Following the colloquium, there will be a discussion of opportunities to contribute to nuclear threat reduction efforts.
Webex meeting URL: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/uconn-cmr/j.php?MTID=m9372216ae3469f40dad3befa84edcaec -
Prof C. Battersby, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "With the participation of Dr. Daniel Walker, and graduate student H Perry Hatchfield ", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
1/29
Prof C. Battersby, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "With the participation of Dr. Daniel Walker, and graduate student H Perry Hatchfield ", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, January 29th, 2021
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof C. Battersby,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
With the participation of Dr. Daniel Walker, and graduate student H Perry Hatchfield
The Milky Way Laboratory
Our own Milky Way Galaxy is a powerful and relatively nearby laboratory in which to study the physical processes that occur throughout the Universe. From the organization of gas on galactic scales to the life cycle of gas and stars under varied environmental conditions, studies of our Milky Way underpin many areas of modern astrophysics. I will present a brief tour of our Milky Way Laboratory, including 1) high-mass star formation from surveys of our Galaxy's disk, and 2) how observing and simulating our extreme, turbulent Galactic Center (the Central Molecular Zone) can help us learn more about how gas is converted into stars during the peak epoch of cosmic star formation. -
Prof. P. Mannheim, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Is Dark Matter Fact or Fantasy -- Clues from the Data", Astronomy Seminar11:00am
1/27
Prof. P. Mannheim, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Is Dark Matter Fact or Fantasy -- Clues from the Data", Astronomy Seminar
Wednesday, January 27th, 2021
11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. P. Mannheim,
Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
Is Dark Matter Fact or Fantasy -- Clues from the Data
We discuss arguments both in favor of and against dark matter. With the repeated failure of experiment to date to detect dark matter we discuss what could be done instead, and to this end look for clues in the data themselves. We identify various regularities in galactic rotation curve data that correlate the total gravitational potential with luminous matter rather than dark matter. We identify a contribution to galactic rotation curves coming from the rest of the visible universe, and suggest that dark matter is just an attempt to describe this global effect in terms of standard local Newtonian gravity within galaxies. Thus the missing mass is not missing at all -- it has been hiding in plain sight all along as the rest of the visible mass in the universe.
Webex link: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/cab16109 -
Physics Colloquium, Prof. Chiara Mingarelli, UConn, Professor Chiara Mingarelli (Physics Colloquium)3:30pm
1/22
Physics Colloquium, Prof. Chiara Mingarelli, UConn, Professor Chiara Mingarelli (Physics Colloquium)
Friday, January 22nd, 2021
03:30 PM - 04:30 PM
Storrs Campus remote
Physics Colloquium
Prof. Chiara Mingarelli, UConn
Title:
Pulsar Timing Arrays: The Next Window to Open on the Gravitational-Wave Universe
Abstract:
Galaxy mergers are a standard aspect of galaxy formation and evolution, and most (likely all) large galaxies contain supermassive black holes. As part of the merging process, the supermassive black holes should in-spiral together and eventually merge, generating a background of gravitational radiation in the nanohertz to microhertz regime. An array of precisely timed pulsars spread across the sky can form a galactic-scale gravitational wave detector in the nanohertz band. I describe the current efforts to develop and extend the pulsar timing array concept, together with recent limits which have emerged from the NANOGrav Collaboration, hinting at the beginning of a new way to study the Universe. -
Prof C. Trallero, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Quantum dynamics from solids to isolated atoms", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
1/22
Prof C. Trallero, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Quantum dynamics from solids to isolated atoms", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, January 22nd, 2021
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof C. Trallero,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Quantum dynamics from solids to isolated atoms
We used coherent and intense laser pulses to image and study in dynamical systems such as electrons, molecules and solids. I will discuss the potential applications to quantum information and future studies. -
Dr. Caitlin Witt, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Astronomy Seminar10:00am
1/20
Dr. Caitlin Witt, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Astronomy Seminar
Wednesday, January 20th, 2021
10:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Caitlin Witt, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University
Multimessenger Astrophysics in the NANOGrav Pulsar Timing Array
Nearly all galaxies contain supermassive black holes, and when these galaxies merge, they can form supermassive black hole binaries. As they progress towards merger, these binaries emit strong nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs). In the next few years, pulsar timing arrays will reach the sensitivities required to detect GWs from both individual supermassive black hole binaries, as well as the stochastic GW background formed by the entire population of these binaries. However, GWs are not the only method used to search for supermassive binaries; by combining GW searches with electromagnetic searches, we enter the regime of multimessenger astrophysics. In this talk, I'll discuss multimessenger efforts within the NANOGrav pulsar timing array, including the recently published targeted multimessenger search for GWs that I led for the collaboration. We developed the first collaboration toolkit for analysis of multimessenger data, and applied it to the well-known binary candidate 3C 66B. We also demonstrated improvements to constraints that can be made by including electromagnetic data in this way. I'll also present some of my ongoing work on the electromagnetic searches for supermassive black hole binaries, where we are exploring the capabilities of binary detection methods on AGN with periodic variability, for both existing and future time-domain surveys.
Webex link: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/cmf19005 -
Graduate Student Phillip Price, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, PhD Dissertation Defense1:00pm
12/9
Graduate Student Phillip Price, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, PhD Dissertation Defense
Wednesday, December 9th, 2020
01:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus Video meeting
Graduate Student Phillip Price, Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
We propose a model that combines magneto-association across a Feshbach resonance with STIRAP into a continuous and coherent process to form ultra- cold molecules. This can add to the toolbox of ultracold coherent chemistry and potentially enable the production of more ultracold molecules species. To that end, our proposed method should prove beneficial when the Feshbach molecule state has a very short lifetime, with the additional benefit of working within existing experimental setups. -
Anahita Alavi, University of California, Riverside, "Dwarf Galaxies Before Exciting Future Observations: The Importance of Extragalactic HST UV Imaging Surveys", Astronomy Seminar12:00pm
12/9
Anahita Alavi, University of California, Riverside, "Dwarf Galaxies Before Exciting Future Observations: The Importance of Extragalactic HST UV Imaging Surveys", Astronomy Seminar
Wednesday, December 9th, 2020
12:00 PM - 01:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Anahita Alavi, University of California, Riverside
Dwarf Galaxies Before Exciting Future Observations: The Importance of Extragalactic HST UV Imaging Surveys
Dwarf galaxies (M*/M0 < 109) are the smallest and least luminous but most abundant galaxies in the universe. These galaxies are at the forefront of many important questions in galaxy formation theory, yet observationally we are only just beginning to constrain their physical properties, especially at high redshifts. Therefore, it is not surprising that JWST, Roman Telescope, and Euclid will be devoting some part of their time to study these galaxies via their stellar continuum and/or nebular emission lines at various redshifts.
In this talk, I will show how the combination of our deep UV imaging with WFC3/UVIS camera on HST and extensive spectroscopic observations with MOSFIRE spectrograph at the Keck observatory and grism data from WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallel Survey (WISP) allowed us to 1- observe dwarf galaxies at high redshifts (i.e., 1 (i.e., 1 < z < 3 ), which have always been below the detection limits of many surveys, and 2- better understand the formation and evolution of this population of galaxies via studying their number density evolution (i.e., luminosity function), star formation history (i.e., bursty SFH) and dust attenuation. In addition, I will introduce our new large UV imaging surveys with HST (UVCANDELS and UV Frontier Fields II), which will further explore the high-redshift dwarf galaxies. These UV surveys are vitally important because some of their primary science goals, such as studying the escaping ionizing radiation from galaxies, cannot fundamentally be studied by JWST. Relatedly, I will present our recent work of searching for escaping ionizing radiation from low-mass galaxies at high redshift. -
Condensed Matter Physics Seminar10:00am
12/8
Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Tuesday, December 8th, 2020
10:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Storrs Campus online
Peter Littlewood, University of Chicago
Dynamical phase transitions at many body exceptional point
Spontaneous synchronization is at the core of many natural phenomena. Your heartbeat is maintained because cells contract in a synchronous wave; some bird species synchronize their motion into flocks; quantum synchronization is responsible for laser action and superconductivity. The transition to synchrony, or between states of different patterns of synchrony, is a dynamical phase transition that has much in common with conventional phase transitions of state -- for example solid to liquid, or magnetism -- but the striking feature of driven dynamical systems is that the components are "active". Consequently quantum systems with dissipation and decay are described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, and active matter can abandon Newton's third law and have non-reciprocal interactions. This substantially changes the character of many-degree-of-freedom dynamical phase transitions and the critical phenomena in their vicinity, since the critical point is an "exceptional point" where eigenvalues become degenerate and eigenvectors coalesce. We will illustrate this in several different systems -- a Bose-Einstein condensate of polaritons, models of multicomponent active matter such as flocks of birds, generalised Kuramoto models, and others. We argue that there is a systematic theory, generalized phase diagram, and corresponding universality classes for these dynamical systems.
Fruchart et al., arXiv:2003.13176
Hanai et al., 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.185301
Zoom Meeting: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67773156040 -
Prof P. Mannheim, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "The Ginzburg-Landau Theory of Phase Transitions", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
12/4
Prof P. Mannheim, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "The Ginzburg-Landau Theory of Phase Transitions", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, December 4th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof P. Mannheim,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
The Ginzburg-Landau Theory of Phase Transitions
We discuss the Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transitions from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. We discuss applications to ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and the Higgs boson.
Reference: P. D. Mannheim, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 94, 125 (2017). -
Prof. Steven Longmore, Liverpool John Moores University, "Ecosystems and Life", Astronomy Seminar10:00am
12/2
Prof. Steven Longmore, Liverpool John Moores University, "Ecosystems and Life", Astronomy Seminar
Wednesday, December 2nd, 2020
10:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. Steven Longmore, Liverpool John Moores University
Ecosystems and Life
Abstract: I will cover two topics united under the theme of ecosystems shaping the potential for life. In the first half, I will present recent results showing that the architecture of planetary systems is shaped by their environmental ecosystems, in particular the degree of stellar clustering around their host star (Winter et al, 2020, Nature, 586, 528). We identify old, co-moving stellar groups around exoplanet host stars in the astrometric data from the Gaia satellite and demonstrate that the architecture of planetary systems exhibits a strong dependence on local stellar clustering in position-velocity phase space, implying a dependence on their formation or evolution environment. After controlling for host stellar age, mass, metallicity, and distance from the Sun, we obtain highly significant differences in planetary (system) properties between phase space overdensities and the field. The median semi-major axis and orbital period of planets in overdensities are 0.087 au and 9.6 days, respectively, compared to 0.81 au and 154 days for planets around field stars. 'Hot Jupiters' (massive, close-in planets) predominantly exist in stellar phase-space overdensities, strongly suggesting that their extreme orbits originate from environmental perturbations rather than internal migration or planet-planet scattering. Our findings suggest that stellar clustering is an important factor setting the architectures of planetary systems. In the second half of the talk, I will discuss how we are using astrophysics research techniques to help ecologists protect ecosystems, save critically endangered animal species, and stop peat forest fires that are a major contributor to climate change.
Webex link: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/cab16109 -
Prof. H.Haggard, Bard College, "Why do so many black holes measured in gravitational waves have zero spin?", Particle, Astrophysics, And Nuclear Physics Seminar2:00pm
11/30
Prof. H.Haggard, Bard College, "Why do so many black holes measured in gravitational waves have zero spin?", Particle, Astrophysics, And Nuclear Physics Seminar
Monday, November 30th, 2020
02:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. H.Haggard, Bard College
Why do so many black holes measured in gravitational waves have zero spin?
Black hole entropy is a robust prediction of quantum gravity with no established phenomenological consequences to date. We use the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula and general-relativistic statistical mechanics to determine the probability distribution of random geometries uniformly sampled in phase space. We show that this statistics (in the limit \( \hbar \to 0\) ) is relevant to large curvature perturbations, resulting in a population of primordial black holes with zero natal spin. In principle, the identification of such a population at LIGO, Virgo, and future gravitational wave observatories could provide the first observational evidence for the statistical nature of black hole entropy. -
Prof. Sang Wook Cheong, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, "Trompe L'oeil Ferromagnetism", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar9:30am
11/30
Prof. Sang Wook Cheong, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, "Trompe L'oeil Ferromagnetism", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Monday, November 30th, 2020
09:30 AM - 10:30 AM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. Sang Wook Cheong,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University
Trompe L'oeil Ferromagnetism
The characteristics of ferro-(ferri)magnetism with non-zero magnetization include magnetic attraction, magnetic circular dichroism, and magneto-optical Kerr (MOKE), Faraday, and various anomalous Hall-type (Hall, Ettingshausen, Nernst, and thermal Hall) effects. Non-magnetic or antiferromagnetic materials in external electric fields or other environments (called specimen constituents) can share symmetry operational similarity (SOS) with magnetization in relation to broken symmetries. These specimen constituents can be associated with non-zero magnetization and/or show ferromagnetism-like behaviors, so we say that they exhibit Trompe L'oeil Ferromagnetism. Examples include linear magnetoelectric materials such as Cr2O3 under electric fields, Faraday effect in chiral materials such as tellurium with current flow, magnetic field induced by the motion of Neel- or Bloch-type ferroelectric walls, and magneto-optical Kerr (MOKE), Faraday effect, and/or anomalous Hall-type effects in certain antiferromagnets such as Cr2O3, MnPSe3, Mn4(Nb,Ta)2O9, and Mn3(Sn,Ge,Ga). A large number of new specimen constitutes having SOS with Magnetization will be discussed, and require future experimental verification of their ferromagnetism-like behaviors, and also theoretical understanding of possible microscopic mechanisms.
Zoom Meeting:
https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/61226950287 -
We will have two presentations and by Los Alamos theorists:, Condensed Matter Physics Seminar9:30am
11/24
We will have two presentations and by Los Alamos theorists:, Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Tuesday, November 24th, 2020
09:30 AM - 11:00 AM
Storrs Campus online
We will have two presentations and by Los Alamos theorists:
9:30-10:00 Shizeng Lin (Los Alamos)
Switching of valley polarization and topology in twisted bilayer graphene by electric currents
The associated manuscript is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.02611.
10:00-10:30 Jian Xin Zhu (Los Alamos)
Signatures of Spin Polarized Fermi Arcs in the Quasiparticle Interferences of CeBi
Ref.: arXiv:2008.10628
10:30-11:00 Discussion
Zoom Meeting:
https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62068067873 -
Prof A. Balatsky, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Dynamic Quantum Matter and Dark Matter Detection ", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
11/20
Prof A. Balatsky, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Dynamic Quantum Matter and Dark Matter Detection ", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, November 20th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof A. Balatsky,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Dynamic Quantum Matter and Dark Matter Detection
I will give an overview of activities in the group: starting with the challenge and recent theoretical and experimental progress in identifying the dynamic and entangled orders in quantum materials. As a simple, yet new case I will describe the phenomenon of dynamic multiferroicity in STO and comment on the challenge of detection of quantum hidden orders that require multimode quantum probes. Further, I will discuss proposed applications of quantum materials outside of "usual suspect list", like the use of quantum materials as detectors for Dark Matter. -
Graduate Student Kemal Tezgin, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Theoretical and Phenomenological Studies of the Nucleon Structure in High Energy Reactions ", PhD Dissertation Defense1:00pm
11/18
Graduate Student Kemal Tezgin, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Theoretical and Phenomenological Studies of the Nucleon Structure in High Energy Reactions ", PhD Dissertation Defense
Wednesday, November 18th, 2020
01:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus Video meeting
Graduate Student Kemal Tezgin, Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Theoretical and Phenomenological Studies of the Nucleon Structure in High Energy Reactions
The understanding of the internal structure of the proton and other strongly interacting particles is at the forefront of modern nuclear physics research. Generalized Parton Distribution Functions (GPDs) are a powerful tool to advance the understanding of the hadron structure. In addition to the information about the one- dimensional collinear momentum distributions of partons (quarks, anti-quarks, and gluons) known from studies of high energy deep-inelastic reactions, GPDs also carry information on the distribution of partons in the transverse plane, and allow us in this way to access the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon. GPDs can be studied in hard-exclusive reactions and contain also information on the energy-momentum tensor form factors which will allow us to gain insights on quantities like pressure or angular momentum distribution inside the nucleon. The goal of this thesis is to deepen our understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon. We investigate energy-momentum tensor form factors and densities, and all leading-twist GPDs in the bag model. This quark model provides a consistent theoretical framework to investigate many general concepts that have recently attracted interest, and allows one to study insightful limits like the large-Nc limit, heavy-quark limit, or the non-relativistic limit. Another important aspect of this thesis is the discussion of the monopole and quadrupole contributions to the angular momentum density. Finally, the description of pseudoscalar meson production in exclusive processes in terms of GPDs is discussed in the Goloskokov-Kroll model and implemented in the PARTONS framework, a software development project which will provide direct support for experiments at the Jefferson National Lab and the future Electron-Ion Collider. -
Theoretical and Phenomenological Studies of the Nucleon Structure in High Energy Reactions , Doctoral Dissertation Oral Defense Of Kemal Tezgin1:00pm
11/18
Theoretical and Phenomenological Studies of the Nucleon Structure in High Energy Reactions , Doctoral Dissertation Oral Defense Of Kemal Tezgin
Wednesday, November 18th, 2020
01:00 PM - 02:30 PM
Storrs Campus Zoom
Theoretical and Phenomenological Studies of the Nucleon Structure in High Energy Reactions
In high energy collisions, Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) are fundamental objects to describe one-dimensional collinear momentum distributions of partons (quarks, anti-quarks, and gluons) inside the nucleon. In addition to PDFs, Generalized Parton Distribution Functions (GPDs) also carry information on the distribution of partons in the transverse plane to its motion and allow us to access the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon. On the other hand, energy-momentum tensor (EMT) densities allow us to access the pressure, shear forces, and angular momentum density inside the nucleon. The goal of this thesis is to deepen our understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon. We investigate energy-momentum tensor (EMT) form factors and densities, and all leading-twist GPDs in the bag model, formulated in the large-N_c limit. We also evaluate all leading-twist chiral-odd GPDs of the relativistic nucleon in the bag model. The consistency of this quark model allows us to investigate many general concepts that have recently attracted interest, including pressure, shear forces, and angular momentum density. Another important aspect of this thesis is to discuss that the monopole and quadrupole contributions to the angular momentum density can be generated from each other uniquely in a model-independent way. The last chapter is dedicated to the phenomenology of GPDs and the Goloskokov-Kroll model's implementation in the PARTONS framework for pseudoscalar meson production in exclusive processes. -
Dr. Vivienne Baldassare, Washington State Univeristy , "Searching for active galactic nuclei in low-mass galaxies via optical variability", Astronomy Seminar11:00am
11/18
Dr. Vivienne Baldassare, Washington State Univeristy , "Searching for active galactic nuclei in low-mass galaxies via optical variability", Astronomy Seminar
Wednesday, November 18th, 2020
11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Vivienne Baldassare, Washington State Univeristy
Searching for active galactic nuclei in low-mass galaxies via optical variability
The present-day population of supermassive black holes in low-mass galaxies offers a window into massive black hole formation in the early universe. While we cannot yet observe the formation of "black hole seeds" at high redshift, the fraction of small galaxies that host a supermassive black hole -- and the properties of those black holes -- are thought to depend on the mechanism by which they form. However, black holes in the smallest galaxies can be difficult to find, requiring creative new approaches. I will discuss recent work showing that long-term optical photometric variability in low-mass galaxies can identify active galactic nuclei that are missed by other selection techniques. I will present an analysis of the nuclear variability of more than 70,000 nearby galaxies and discuss our sample of low-mass, variability-selected supermassive black holes. Using this sample, we also begin to place meaningful constraints on the present-day black hole occupation fraction at low galaxy stellar masses.
Webex link: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/yah14006 -
Prof A. Puckett, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
11/13
Prof A. Puckett, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, November 13th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof A. Puckett,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Sub-femtoscale structure of strongly interacting matter from "hard" electron-nucleus collisions
The emergence of nucleon structure and dynamics from strong interactions among its elementary quark and gluon constituents is one of the most difficult and interesting problems in all of physics. The strong interaction, NOT the electroweak Higgs mechanism, is responsible for the dynamical generation of the mass of approximately 98% of all ordinary matter in the universe. Scattering of ultrarelativistic electron beams from nucleon and nuclear targets is the tool of choice for the precision study of nucleon structure. The Super BigBite Spectrometer (SBS) at Jefferson Lab, a novel device currently being installed in JLab's experimental Hall A, with the first beam tentatively expected in 2021, will facilitate a focused program of high-impact nucleon structure measurements in electron-nucleon scattering at large momentum transfer. In this talk I will give an overview of the upcoming SBS program and opportunities for graduate student involvement. -
Professor Saroj Prasad Dash, Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, Dept. Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, "Spin Current in Topological Quantum Materials", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar10:00am
11/10
Professor Saroj Prasad Dash, Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, Dept. Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, "Spin Current in Topological Quantum Materials", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Tuesday, November 10th, 2020
10:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Storrs Campus online
Professor Saroj Prasad Dash,
Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, Dept. Microtechnology and Nanoscience,
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Spin Current in Topological Quantum Materials
An outstanding feature of topological quantum materials is their unique spin topology in the electronic band structures with an expected novel charge‐to‐spin conversion effects. In the Weyl semimetal candidate WTe2 we observed both conventional1 and unconventional2 charge‐to‐spin conversion effects at room temperature. In addition to the conventional spin Hall and Rashba--Edelstein effects, we also measured an unconventional charge‐to‐spin conversion component in WTe2. Such a large spin polarization can be possible in WTe2 due to a reduced crystal symmetry combined with its large spin Berry curvature, spin--orbit interaction with a novel spin‐texture of the Fermi states. We also investigated giant Rashba spin-orbit materials BiTeBr to detect the current induced spin polarization at room temperature.3 Furthermore, we integrated graphene with a topological insulator4,5 in van der Waals heterostructures6 to engineer proximity-induced spin-charge conversion phenomena. In these heterostructures, we experimentally demonstrate a gate-tunable spin-galvanic effect at room temperature, allowing for efficient conversion of a non-equilibrium spin polarization into a transverse charge current.7 These findings provide an efficient route for realizing all-electrical and gate-tunable spin phenomenon in topological materials and their heterostructures.
References:
1. Observation of charge to spin conversion in Weyl semimetal at room temperature.
B Zhao, D Khokhriakov, Y Zhang, H Fu, B Karpiak, AM Hoque, X Xu, Y Jiang, B Yan, SP Dash.
Physical Review Research 2 (1), 013286 (2020).
2. Unconventional charge-to-spin conversion Weyl Semimetal WTe2. B Zhao, B Karpiak, D Khokhriakov, A Johansson, AM Hoque, X Xu, Y Jiang, I Mertig, SP Dash. Advanced Materials, 2000818 (2020).
3. Electrically controlled spin injection from giant Rashba spin-orbit conductor BiTeBr"
Z Kovács-Krausz et al., Nano Letters 20, 7, 4782--4791 (2020).
4. Origin and evolution of surface spin current in topological insulators
A Dankert, P Bhaskar, D Khokhriakov, IH Rodrigues, B Karpiak, MV Kamalakar, S Charpentier, I Garate, SP Dash.
Phys. Rev. B 97, 125414 (2018).
5. Room Temperature Electrical Detection of Spin Polarization in Topological Insulators
A Dankert, J. Geur, M.V. Kamalakar, SP Dash;
Nano Letters 15 (12) 7976 (2015).
6. Tailoring emergent spin phenomena in Dirac material heterostructures.
D Khokhriakov, A. W. Cummings, K Song, M Vila, B Karpiak, A Dankert, S Roche and SP. Dash.
Science Advances, 4, 9, eaat9349 (2018)
7. Gate-tunable Spin-Galvanic Effect in Graphene - Topological insulator van der Waals Heterostructures at Room Temperature. D Khokhriakov, AM Hoque, B Ka -
Jacob Franklin, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Quantum sensing for nanoscale magnetic imaging", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
11/6
Jacob Franklin, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Quantum sensing for nanoscale magnetic imaging", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, November 6th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Jacob Franklin,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Quantum sensing for nanoscale magnetic imaging
Nanoscale resolution of the properties of materials often plays a crucial role in the pursuit of explanations for exotic phenomena in such materials. These phenomena, such as high temperature superconductivity and frustrated magnetic states, have very exciting potential for practical applications, such as quantum computing. In the Sochnikov Lab, we use state-of-the-art sensors called SQUIDs to probe the magnetic properties of materials and generate magnetic maps at their surfaces. These images are on the order of micrometers in spatial resolution and play an important role in the study of the aforementioned phenomena, for example, because they can be used to analyze the formation and interaction of domains in response to parameters like temperature, auxiliary magnetic field, or strain. I will present some of the fundamental materials research work I have done in the Sochnikov Lab, in which I and my lab mates have taken a direct role in both measurement and analysis. In addition, I will share my experience with instrumentation development projects like the construction of custom-built piezoelectric scanners, the improvement of wiring in our cryostats, the coding of a GUI system for the plotting of data, and the improvement of our data interpolation functions. -
Mohammad Akhshik, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "REQUIEM-2D: REsolving QUIEscent Magnified galaxies using strong gravitational lensing, 2D grism spectroscopy and multi-band photometry", Astronomy Seminar10:00am
11/4
Mohammad Akhshik, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "REQUIEM-2D: REsolving QUIEscent Magnified galaxies using strong gravitational lensing, 2D grism spectroscopy and multi-band photometry", Astronomy Seminar
Wednesday, November 4th, 2020
10:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Storrs Campus online
Mohammad Akhshik, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
REQUIEM-2D: REsolving QUIEscent Magnified galaxies using strong gravitational lensing, 2D grism spectroscopy and multi-band photometry
Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in the last decade in studying massive high redshift (z~2) quiescent galaxies, their formation pathways and quenching mechanisms have not yet been established observationally. In my talk, I will review the REQUIEM^2D galaxy survey of eight strong lensed quiescent galaxies at z=1.6-2.9, our attempt to understand the formation scenarios of quiescent galaxies by analyzing the spatially resolved stellar populations with deep HST grism spectroscopy. After briefly reviewing our methodology, I will discuss the results from our REQUIEM^2D pilot target, MRG-S0851, a gravitationally lensed quintuply imaged massive compact red galaxy at z=1.9. Using our recovered ages and SFHs from the joint spectrophotometric analysis, along with trajectories in the UVJ and FUVVJ color-color diagrams, I show that MRG-S0851 is consistent with an early forming, slow quenched galaxy that is going through a centrally-concentrated rejuvenation phase.
Dr. Daniel Walker, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
Uncovering the hidden star formation in the Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone
As our nearest "extreme environment", the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ, inner few hundred parsecs of our Galaxy) offers an ideal laboratory in which to study the extent to which the process of star formation is sensitive to differing environmental conditions. At a distance of just 8.1 kpc, we can study this process from Galactic scales all the way down to protostellar scales, something that is not possible in extragalactic analogues. In this talk, I will give an overview of our current understanding of star formation in this region of the Galaxy. I will then present some results from recent and ongoing projects that are transforming our view of the CMZ, and providing insight into key questions concerning the role of galactic environment in the star formation process.
Meeting Link: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/cab16109 -
Prof Jeremy Levy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, "Ferroelastic Textures, Magnetism, and Superconductivity in LaAlO3/SrTiO3", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar10:00am
11/3
Prof Jeremy Levy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, "Ferroelastic Textures, Magnetism, and Superconductivity in LaAlO3/SrTiO3", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Tuesday, November 3rd, 2020
10:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Storrs Campus online
Prof Jeremy Levy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh
Ferroelastic Textures, Magnetism, and Superconductivity in LaAlO3/SrTiO3
LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures exhibit a wide range of phenomena that are not well understood. The most prominent are the existence of superconductivity at very low densities, which has been known for more than half a century, and magnetism, which is a more recent discovery. Here I will review experiments that directly probe and/or control these effects at nanoscale dimensions, and suggest that there are strong couplings between ferroelastic domain structure (texture) in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 and both magnetism and superconductivity. I will also examine a connection between some reports of magnetism in transport experiments and phenomena related to superconductivity.
Zoom Meeting:
https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69230357179 -
Profs. Gerald Dunne and Jon Trump, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Black Holes: The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics", The 2020 Nobel Prize In Physics (Physics Department Colloquium)3:30pm
10/30
Profs. Gerald Dunne and Jon Trump, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Black Holes: The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics", The 2020 Nobel Prize In Physics (Physics Department Colloquium)
Friday, October 30th, 2020
03:30 PM - 04:30 PM
Storrs Campus online
Profs. Gerald Dunne and Jon Trump, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
Black Holes: The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Foundation has awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics to Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity", and to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy".
See https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/
We review the physics and the significance of these remarkable discoveries. There will be some technical detail but the talk is intended for a general audience.
Webex link: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/jot16106 -
Dr. Bradford Snios, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, "Kinematics of extragalactic jets", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
10/30
Dr. Bradford Snios, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, "Kinematics of extragalactic jets", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, October 30th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Bradford Snios, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kinematics of extragalactic jets
Extragalactic jets emitted from active galactic nuclei are a well-established phenomenon. These jets are known to propagate with bulk relativistic motion over kiloparsec-scale distances, generating emission across multiple energy bands, including the X-ray. In my talk, I will discuss recent X-ray observations investigated for proper motions and brightness changes in nearby jets. Using multi-epoch observations spanning several years, proper motions from X-ray emission are detected for the first time in extragalactic systems, with superluminal motions measured up to speeds of 6.3c. Brightness variations up to 73% are found for the X-ray knots in the jets, and spectroscopic modeling is used to determine cooling emission mechanisms from the sources. These results provide invaluable constraints on the kinematic evolution of these exotic extragalactic systems. -
Prof. Elena Dormidontova, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Soft Matter Physics: HPC Simulations and Theory", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
10/23
Prof. Elena Dormidontova, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Soft Matter Physics: HPC Simulations and Theory", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, October 23rd, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. Elena Dormidontova,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Soft Matter Physics: HPC Simulations and Theory
Soft matter includes a broad range of structurally different materials ranging from small molecules such as lipids and liquids crystals to macromolecules, biopolymers and colloids. These materials can self-assemble into different organized structures and possess properties which vary depending on external conditions. To be able to understand the principles of self-assembly, predict and direct the outcomes of it is highly desirable to gain fundamental insight into biological self-assembly and to be able to create new materials with desired properties for energy, photonic, nanoelectronics, nanomedicine, sensors and other advanced functional nanomaterials. Theory and molecular modeling play an increasingly important role in gaining fundamental insights into complex behavior of these systems, as it allows to achieve atomistic level details inaccessible experimentally or guide experimental material development by predicting self-assembly pathways depending on structural properties of the building elements and external conditions. Several examples of ongoing, recently funded and planned interdisciplinary research projects collaboration with experimental groups will be discussed in connection with corresponding computer modeling approaches and material applications. -
Prof. Erin Scanlon, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "An Introduction to Physics Education Research", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
10/16
Prof. Erin Scanlon, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "An Introduction to Physics Education Research", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, October 16th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. Erin Scanlon,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
An Introduction to Physics Education Research
Physics education research (PER) is a subfield of physics that focuses on investigating questions such as: 1) how can we teach physics better?; 2) how do students learn physics?; and 3) how can we make the physics community more inclusive, equitable, and diverse? In this talk, we will give an introduction to PER, including common misconceptions, methods, and the PER happening at UConn. -
Dr. Viktor Mokeev, Jefferson National Laboratory, "Advances in the Exploration of the Nucleon Resonance Spectrum and Structure in Experimentswith CLAS and CLAS12", Particle, Astrophysics, And Nuclear Physics Seminar2:00pm
10/12
Dr. Viktor Mokeev, Jefferson National Laboratory, "Advances in the Exploration of the Nucleon Resonance Spectrum and Structure in Experimentswith CLAS and CLAS12", Particle, Astrophysics, And Nuclear Physics Seminar
Monday, October 12th, 2020
02:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Viktor Mokeev, Jefferson National Laboratory
Advances in the Exploration of the Nucleon Resonance Spectrum and Structure in Experimentswith CLAS and CLAS12
Studies of nucleon resonances (N*) in experiments with electromagnetic probes offer unique information on many facets of the strong interaction in the regime of large (on the order of unity) QCD running couplings seen in the generation of the spectrum of N* states with different quantum numbers and structural features. The current status of the N* spectrum and structure studies for exclusive meson photo- and electro-production data with CLAS at Jefferson Lab will be presented in the talk. The extension of these efforts in the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV-era experiments with CLAS12 will be outlined.
WebEx Meeting: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/uconn-cmr/j.php?MTID=mb3e4c57467ee718677987ca3a427a21d -
Dr. James Guillochon, Berkshire Gray, "From Black Holes, to Data Science, to Robots: Tips & tricks for going into industry", Physics Colloquium: From Black Holes To Robots3:30pm
10/9
Dr. James Guillochon, Berkshire Gray, "From Black Holes, to Data Science, to Robots: Tips & tricks for going into industry", Physics Colloquium: From Black Holes To Robots
Friday, October 9th, 2020
03:30 PM - 04:30 PM
Storrs Campus BPB-131
Dr. James Guillochon, Berkshire Gray
From Black Holes, to Data Science, to Robots: Tips & tricks for going into industry
The majority of physics/astronomy PhD recipients now leave the field for industry either immediately after graduation or after one or more postdoctoral stints. This has been driven by several factors, including the overproduction of PhDs relative to a declining pool of available tenure-track positions, greater freedom to choose where to live, and often significantly higher salaries. However, STEM graduates are increasingly finding that data science, the de facto refuge for former academics, is itself becoming somewhat saturated, with data on recent job listings suggesting that the majority of DS positions are now filled by bachelor's degree recipients rather than PhDs. In this talk, I will describe how I navigated this increasingly complicated landscape to find my current job, and share some pieces of advice I feel are generically useful to those who might be looking for jobs outside of academia in the next few years.
_______
Dr. James Guillochon received a PhD in astrophysics from the University of California Santa Cruz and then went on to hold prestigious postdoctoral fellowships, the Hubble and ITC fellowships, at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. He developed a reputation as a world-renowned researcher in a range of topics, including black hole mergers, tidal disruption events, white dwarf accretion, and more. He is also well-known for his open-source contributions to the scientific community, including vox charta, open access astronomy catalogs, software, as well as maintaining a current list of US and Canadian astrophysics graduate program policies regarding the use of the physics GRE in graduate admissions decisions here.
In 2018 Dr. Guillochon transitioned to working in the industry as a Robotics Engineer in the Boston area. He is an outspoken advocate for positive transitions from academia to industry and will be joining us for a virtual colloquium on Friday to discuss his transition. -
Dr. Hossein Sadeghpour, Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, "Quantum electron scattering", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
10/9
Dr. Hossein Sadeghpour, Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, "Quantum electron scattering", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, October 9th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Hossein Sadeghpour,
Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Quantum electron scattering
The second quantum revolution is upon us and atomic molecular and optical (AMO) physics is the discipline leading this revolution. Major advances in cooling and trapping of atoms and molecules in the last three decades now allow practitioners to create exotic many-body systems whose properties and behavior are predicated on fluctuations inherent in quantum systems. The ultracold AMO systems can be precisely and exquisitely interrogated and manipulated to engineer few-body interactions that "nature" may not naturally provide. I'll draw on some fundamental physics concepts to elucidate a few of these quantum many-body features. -
Dr. Semeon Valgushev, Brookhaven National Lab, "Phase diagram of QCD and Lifshitz regime: how transverse thermal fluctuations might turn nuclear matter into quantum-spin liquid", Particle, Astrophysics, And Nuclear Physics Seminar2:00pm
10/5
Dr. Semeon Valgushev, Brookhaven National Lab, "Phase diagram of QCD and Lifshitz regime: how transverse thermal fluctuations might turn nuclear matter into quantum-spin liquid", Particle, Astrophysics, And Nuclear Physics Seminar
Monday, October 5th, 2020
02:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. Semeon Valgushev, Brookhaven National Lab
Phase diagram of QCD and Lifshitz regime: how transverse thermal fluctuations might turn nuclear matter into quantum-spin liquid
We discuss dense cool QCD where a region with spatially inhomogeneous condensate might emerge. In that case, QCD phase diagram may exhibit a Lifshitz regime, which can appear either instead of, or in addition to Critical End Point. We study the Lifshitz regime using a combination of large-N expansion and numerical lattice simulations of an effective O(N) sigma model. We find evidence that quantum fluctuations disorder inhomogeneous condensate ("chiral spirals") and give rise to unusual quantum spin-liquid phase. We also discuss how this novel phase can be detected experimentally.
Zoom Meeting Link:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/8192648596?pwd=WFkzK1VXa2V4ZVRVNC90ZnM3NDdlQT09
Meeting ID: 819 264 8596
Passcode: 9lYjMG
Note: The seminar will start at 2:00PM, but participants are welcomed to join the meeting at 1:30PM for discussion. -
Prof. M. Gai, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Oxygen Formation in Stellar Helium Burning", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
10/2
Prof. M. Gai, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Oxygen Formation in Stellar Helium Burning", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, October 2nd, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. M. Gai, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
Oxygen Formation in Stellar Helium Burning
The Laboratory for Nuclear Science (LNS) at Avery Point (http://astro.uconn.edu), aka the Laboratory for Astrophysics, is engaged in research of several problems central to stellar Evolution theory. Today we shall discuss oxygen formation is stellar helium burning, that determines the C/O ratio in stars. This is an essential laboratory input to stellar evolution theory that for example determines the final fate of a Type II supernova (black hole or neutron star), as well as the light curve of a Type Ia supernova (that is used to measure distances to the end of the observable universe from which the accelerated expansion of the universe was recently discovered).
This presentation will involve our faculty at Avery Point (Gai) and in the UK (Smith) and the two graduate students (Stern and Schweitzer) who are working on experiments at Duke University in the USA, in Warsaw, Poland, and in a new facility constructed in Romania. -
Prof. Richard Milner MIT, Physics Colloquium: Visualizing The Proton3:30pm
9/25
Prof. Richard Milner MIT, Physics Colloquium: Visualizing The Proton
Friday, September 25th, 2020
03:30 PM - 04:30 PM
Storrs Campus Remote
Prof. Richard Milner
MIT
Abstract:
Nuclear physicists have recently made progress in understanding how to visualize the fundamental structure of the proton. Electrons scattered from the proton's charged constituents produce snapshots that offer the possibility to produce for the first time a coherent 3D image of the proton. The basic
elements of the technique will be outlined and ongoing experiments at Jefferson Laboratory as well as future experiments at the planned Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven Laboratory will be described.
Remote Connection info:
TBA -
Graduate Student Benjamin Commeau, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Two Studies on Topological Properties of Organic Superconductors and a new Quantum Dynamical Simulation Algorithm", PhD Dissertation Defense2:00pm
9/25
Graduate Student Benjamin Commeau, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Two Studies on Topological Properties of Organic Superconductors and a new Quantum Dynamical Simulation Algorithm", PhD Dissertation Defense
Friday, September 25th, 2020
02:00 PM - 04:00 PM
Storrs Campus Video meeting
Graduate Student Benjamin Commeau, Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Two Studies on Topological Properties of Organic Superconductors and a new Quantum Dynamical Simulation Algorithm
In this thesis I investigate two research topics in topological organic superconductors and one research topic in variational algorithms for quantum computation.
In the first chapter we investigate the structural and electronic properties of the three structural phases alpha, beta and kappa of (BEDT-TTF)2I3, by performing state of the art ab initio calculations in the framework of density functional theory. We furthermore report about the irreducible representations of the corresponding electronic band structures, symmetry of their crystal structure, and discuss the origin of band crossings.
Additionally, we discuss the chemically induced strain in kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 achieved by replacing the iodine layer with other Halogens: Fluorine, Bromine and Chlorine. In the case of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2F3, we identify topologically protected crossings within the band structure. These crossings are forced to occur due to the non-symmorphic nature of the crystal. In the second chapter, we performed structural optimization and electronic structure calculations in the framework of density functional theory, incorporating, first, the recently developed strongly constrained and appropriately normed semilocal density functional SCAN, and, second, van der Waals corrections to the PBE exchange correlation functional by means of the dDsC dispersion correction method.
In the case of alpha-(BEDT-TTF)2F3 the formation of over-tilted Dirac-type-II nodes within the quasi 2-dimensional Brillouin zone can be found.
For kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2F3, the recently reported topological transition within the electronic band structure cannot be revealed. In the third chapter, we propose a new algorithm called Variational Hamiltonian Diagonalization (VHD), which approximately transforms a given Hamiltonian into a diagonal form that can be easily exponentiated. VHD allows for fast forwarding, and removes Trotterization error and allows simulation of the entire Hilbert space. We prove an operational meaning for the VHD cost function in terms of the average simulation fidelity. Moreover, we prove that the VHD cost function does not exhibit a shallow-depth barren plateau. Our numerical simulations verify that VHD can be used for fast-forwarding dynamics.
Zoom Link: https://harvard.zoom.us/j/92203325795?pwd=T2VoYzNPNkwvZW1GWFlhQk9Ga1lwUT09 -
Prof. T. Blum, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Lattice QCD at UConn", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
9/18
Prof. T. Blum, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Lattice QCD at UConn", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, September 18th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. T. Blum, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
Lattice QCD at UConn
I will give a brief introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in particular. I will then describe how we solve QCD using large scale numerical simulations. I will finish with a few current and important examples. -
Graduate Student Saman Bastami, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Studies on Hadron Structure through Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Parton Distribution Functions", PhD Dissertation Defense1:15pm
9/11
Graduate Student Saman Bastami, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Studies on Hadron Structure through Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Parton Distribution Functions", PhD Dissertation Defense
Friday, September 11th, 2020
01:15 PM - 03:15 PM
Storrs Campus Video meeting
Graduate Student Saman Bastami, Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Studies on Hadron Structure through Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Parton Distribution Functions
The detailed description of hadrons in terms of quarks and gluons, the fundamental degrees of freedom of Quantum Chromodynamics, is an open problem. Important aspects of hadron structure can be studied in certain deep-inelastic high-energy processes which have revealed important insights about the longitudinal momentum distributions of quarks and gluons inside hadrons. Our knowledge of the three-dimensional structure is still very limited. Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) are one of the main tools to study the transverse structure of hadrons through processes such as semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering SIDIS) or the Drell-Yan process. This dissertation is dedicated to phenomenological and model studies of TMDs.
All spin and azimuthal asymmetries of the lepton-nucleon SIDIS are calculated at leading- and subleading twist exploring the so-called "Wandzura-Wilczek-type" approximation which consists in a systematic neglect quark-gluon correlations. The results are obtained using available phenomenological information on TMDs as well as constraints from state-of-the-art lattice QCD calculations, and compared to the experimental data from HERMES, COMPASS and Jefferson Lab.
The asymmetries of the pion-induced Drell-Yan process with polarized protons are studied at leading twist. The information about TMDs is taken from non-perturbative calculations in the lightfront constituent quark model, the spectator model and, where available, phenomenological extractions of TMDs. The results are compared to recent data from the first polarized pion-nucleon Drell-Yan experiment performed by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN, and predictions for future experiments are made.
The "covariant parton model", an effective hadronic model based on the intuitive parton model concept, is extended and formalized. This allows one to compute all time-reversal-even TMDs of leading and subleading twist in a systematic way. This model naturally supports the Wandzura-Wilczek-type approximations and predicts several non-trivial relations between TMDs, many of which are supported in other model frameworks and can be tested in experiments. Applications and limitations of the model are discussed.
Meeting video link: https://zoom.us/j/96866754697?pwd=NEM1WUt3VkxhbVdQQWdacVVubHNvQT09 -
Prof. D. McCarron, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "A quantum-leap towards next generation technologies", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
9/11
Prof. D. McCarron, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "A quantum-leap towards next generation technologies", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, September 11th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. D. McCarron, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
A quantum-leap towards next generation technologies
Recent progress manipulating quantum systems has led to a second quantum revolution that is developing new technologies that leverage the laws of nature at small scales. This talk will give an overview of some of these new technologies alongside their applications - with an emphasis on ultracold systems cooled to one millionth of a degree above absolute zero. I will draw links between these applications and my own research program before giving a brief summary of our experimental progress.
Research Group URL: http://themccarrongroup.com -
Doctoral Dissertation Oral Defense of Saman Bastami1:30pm
9/7
Doctoral Dissertation Oral Defense of Saman Bastami
Monday, September 7th, 2020
01:30 PM - 03:00 PM
Other Zoom
Studies on Hadron Structure through Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions -
Graduate Student Brandon A. Clary, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Exclusive Phi Production Beam Spin Asymmetry Measurements with CLAS12", PhD Dissertation Defense9:30am
8/21
Graduate Student Brandon A. Clary, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Exclusive Phi Production Beam Spin Asymmetry Measurements with CLAS12", PhD Dissertation Defense
Friday, August 21st, 2020
09:30 AM - 11:30 AM
Storrs Campus Video meeting
Graduate Student Brandon A. Clary, Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Exclusive Phi Production Beam Spin Asymmetry Measurements with CLAS12
Measurements of the beam spin asymmetry (BSA) of the exclusive electroproduction of the vector phi(1020) meson through its decay into charged Kaons have been performed. The data set used was based on the RG-A run period from the recently upgraded CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) in Hall B at Jefferson National Lab (JLab). The run period used a 10.6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam and an unpolarized hydrogen target. The available statistics collected allow for detailed studies of the W, -t, xB, and Q2 dependencies of the BSA amplitudes from vector phi meson production. The BSA measurements will shed light on the exchange mechanisms responsible for phi production at JLab energies. In this dissertation, a non-zero BSA is observed, which suggests a possible enhancement of pseudo-scalar exchange mechanism near phi production threshold. Therefore, the non-zero BSA may be a result of the interference of the pseudo-scalar exchange mechanism with a scalar one. Ultimately, information on the dominant exchange mechanism will aid in the development of a Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) based description of these processes in the context of hard to soft transition.
Webex link: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/uconn-cmr/j.php?MTID=m0844eee0d13477ad76f35797ae8467db -
Dr. D. Farfurnik, University of Maryland, "Enhancing the coherence properties of quantum dots toward quantum photonic applications", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar10:00am
7/14
Dr. D. Farfurnik, University of Maryland, "Enhancing the coherence properties of quantum dots toward quantum photonic applications", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Tuesday, July 14th, 2020
10:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Storrs Campus online
Dr. D. Farfurnik, University of Maryland
Enhancing the coherence properties of quantum dots toward quantum photonic applications
Self-assembled Quantum Dots (QD) exhibit some of the best single photon emission properties, including nearly ideal efficiency and indistinguishability. As such, and considering their compatibility with nanofabrication techniques, on-chip integration of QDs as single photon emitters and non-linear components plays a key role in integrated photonic-based information processing and may pave the way toward the creation of quantum networks. Manipulating and storing quantum information utilizing QD spins, however, is limited by their short coherence times originating from interactions with a nuclear bath. In this talk, I will describe our approaches for addressing this challenge: First, the application of dynamical decoupling (DD) pulse sequences prolongs the coherence times by decoupling the QD spins from the environment. While the performance of such protocols is often limited by the accumulation of pulse imperfections, arbitrary spin control enabling composite and concatenated sequencing could further enhance the achievable spin control fidelities [1]. Such a sequencing is implementable by driving a Lambda system of the QD utilizing an optical signal arbitrarily modulated by a temperature-stabilized electro optical modulator (EOM). I will present a recent experimental demonstration of such a control [2], our analysis for optimizing the EOM working point for enhancing the achievable optical rotation Rabi frequencies, as well as the efficiency of the protocol for QDs strongly coupled to L3 photonic crystal cavities. Second, the resulting coherence properties may be further enhanced by utilizing molecules of coupled QDs (QDM), which offer a singlet-triplet ground state decoherence-free subspace [3]. Beyond the promising combination of such a subspace with the application of DD sequences, leveraging the isolated optical transitions of the QDM may offer single-shot spin readout capabilities. I will present our approach for implementing such a spin readout incorporating microwave pi-pulses, its experimental feasibility utilizing optimally designed transmission lines, and the expected readout fidelities based on the achievable microwave Rabi frequencies [4].
[1] D. Farfurnik et al., ``Optimizing a dynamical decoupling protocol for solid-state electronic spin ensembles in diamond'', Phys. Rev. B 92, 060301(R) (2015)
[2] J.H. Bodey et al., ``Optical spin locking of a solid-state qubit'', npj Quantum Information 5, 95 (2019)
[3] D. Kim et al., ``Ultrafast optical control of entanglement between two quantum-dot spins'', Nat. Phys. 7, 223--229 (2011)
[4] D. Farfurnik et al., ``Experimental realization of time-dependent phase-modulated continuous dynamical decoupling'', Phys. Rev. A 96, 013850 (2017)
Zoom Meeting: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/61809414846 -
Graduate Student Daniel McNeel, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Shape Coexistence in \(^{28}\)Mg: Structure of a Transitional Nucleus", PhD Dissertation Defense1:00pm
6/11
Graduate Student Daniel McNeel, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Shape Coexistence in \(^{28}\)Mg: Structure of a Transitional Nucleus", PhD Dissertation Defense
Thursday, June 11th, 2020
01:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus Video meeting
Graduate Student Daniel McNeel, Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Shape Coexistence in \(^{28}\)Mg: Structure of a Transitional Nucleus
The structure of nuclei outside the region of stability is an area of ongoing experimental research. Recent investigations in the region around \(^{32}\)Mg have discovered inversions in the usual ordering of shell model states. From these discoveries, theories of the evolution towards this "island of inversion" predict low-lying deformed intruder states for several nuclei in the region. One such nucleus, which exists in the region of transition between the normal and inverted hierarchies, is \(^{28}\)Mg. In this nucleus the ground state is expected to be mixed, i.e. it is a superposition of nearby \(0^+\) neutron pairing configurations. An excited intruder \(0^+\) state will have a different configuration and shape than surrounding states, a property known as shape coexistence.
Multi-nucleon transfer is known to be sensitive to the static deformation of a nucleus. It is also sensitive to both the amplitude and phase of configuration mixed states, and enhances transfer to those states which are similar to the ground state of the target plus two nucleons in single particle orbitals. This makes it a valuable tool to investigate the properties of \(^{28}\)Mg. The two-neutron adding reaction \(^{26}\)Mg(t,p)\(^{28}\)Mg has been used to study the properties of the ground state and excited \(0^+\) states. This experiment was carried out at Argonne National Laboratory using the HELIcal Orbit Spectrometer (HELIOS). HELIOS was designed to overcome the difficulties of measuring reactions in inverse kinematics. Experiments in inverse kinematics consist of a heavy particle, in this case \(^{26}\)Mg, incident on the light particle (\(^3\)H).
Because multi-nucleon transfers are more complex than single particle transfers, a calculation of the nuclear structure must guide the understanding of which configurations will be strongly populated. Shell model calculations have been used to evaluate the structure related transfer amplitudes, which were used as input into Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) calculations for the reaction. The results of this analysis are the relative contributions of different configurations to the ground state and excited \(0^+\) states, which provide a stringent test of the theoretical prediction of shape coexistence and intruder states.
Video link: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/dgm14002 -
Graduate Student Matthew Phelps, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Cosmological Fluctuations in Standard and Conformal Gravity", PhD Dissertation Defense10:00am
6/2
Graduate Student Matthew Phelps, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Cosmological Fluctuations in Standard and Conformal Gravity", PhD Dissertation Defense
Tuesday, June 2nd, 2020
10:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Storrs Campus Video meeting
Graduate Student Matthew Phelps, Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Cosmological Fluctuations in Standard and Conformal Gravity
In the theory of cosmological perturbations, extensive methods of simplifying the equations of motion and eliminating non-physical gauge modes are required in order to construct the perturbative solutions. One approach, standard within modern cosmology, is to decompose the metric perturbation into a basis of scalars, vectors, and tensors defined according to their transformation behavior under three-dimensional rotations (the S.V.T. decomposition). By constructing a projector formalism to define the basis components, we show that such a decomposition is intrinsically non-local and necessarily incorporates spatially asymptotic boundary conditions. We continue application of the S.V.T. decomposition and solve the fluctuation equations exactly within standard cosmologies as applied to both Einstein gravity and conformal gravity, finding that in general the various S.V.T. gauge-invariant combinations only decouple at a higher-derivative level. To match the underlying transformation group of General Relativity and thus provide a manifestly covariant formalism, we introduce an alternate scalar, vector, tensor basis with components defined according to general four-dimensional coordinate transformations. In this basis, the fluctuation equations greatly simplify, where one can again decouple them into separate gauge-invariant sectors at the higher-derivative level. In the context of conformal gravity, we use similar constructions to solve the fluctuation equations exactly within any geometry that is conformal to flat and show that in a radiation era Robertson-Walker cosmology, fluctuations grow as \(t^4\).
Video Meeting URL: https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/meet/map14010 -
Prof. Chiara Mingarelli, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Probing supermassive black hole mergers with pulsar timing", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
4/24
Prof. Chiara Mingarelli, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Probing supermassive black hole mergers with pulsar timing", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, April 24th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus video conferencing
Prof. Chiara Mingarelli, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
Probing supermassive black hole mergers with pulsar timing
Galaxy mergers are a standard aspect of galaxy formation and evolution, and most (likely all) large galaxies contain supermassive black holes. As part of the merging process, the supermassive black holes should in-spiral together and eventually merge, generating a background of gravitational radiation in the nanohertz regime. An array of precisely timed pulsars spread across the sky can form a galactic-scale gravitational wave detector in this band. I describe the current efforts to develop and extend the pulsar timing array concept, together with recent limits which have emerged from international efforts to constrain astrophysical phenomena at the heart of supermassive black hole mergers. -
Graduate Student Lukasz Kuna, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Mesoscale Studies of Nanostructured Multi-Functional Materials", PhD Dissertation Defense10:00am
4/16
Graduate Student Lukasz Kuna, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Mesoscale Studies of Nanostructured Multi-Functional Materials", PhD Dissertation Defense
Thursday, April 16th, 2020
10:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Storrs Campus Video meeting
Graduate Student Lukasz Kuna,
Department of Physics,
University of Connecticut
Mesoscale Studies of Nanostructured Multi-Functional Materials
In this dissertation, multiple studies centered around functional properties of materials for applications in devices and novel technologies are carried out utilizing a mesoscale modeling approach. The studies involve simulating the properties of dielectric nano/microstructures with coupled polar and elastic degrees of freedom and developing a greater understanding of their dependence on the structure size, morphology and applied external conditions. Of particular focus in this work are optical properties of electroactive materials including zero- and one-dimensional structures such as nanoparticles and nanowires, as well as mesoscopic functional properties of larger structures such as polycrystalline ceramics (with submicron grain sizes) and ferroelectric mesa structures. The first two research topics are focused on the band gap properties of 1-D semiconductors and modeling of ferroelectric mesa structures, each study serving as an important tool in progressing the understanding of these materials for functional applications. The final topic, comprising the larger portion of the work, presents a novel approach for studying transmission in nanocrystalline ceramics based upon wave-train theory, that is then utilized to predict light transmission in polycrystalline ceramics. In particular, simulations examining the optical properties modulation under different applied mechanical and electrical boundary conditions predict large changes to transmission, including switching from full transparency to opacity in some instances. The results presented in this dissertation highlight an extraordinary promise of functional nano- and microceramics for a wide range of advanced engineering applications. -
Prof. L. Levitov, Department of Physics, MIT, "Long-Lived Excitations, Directional Memory and Hydrodynamic Transport in Two-Dimensional Electron Fluids", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar9:00am
4/10
Prof. L. Levitov, Department of Physics, MIT, "Long-Lived Excitations, Directional Memory and Hydrodynamic Transport in Two-Dimensional Electron Fluids", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Friday, April 10th, 2020
09:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Storrs Campus online
Prof. L. Levitov, Department of Physics, MIT
Long-Lived Excitations, Directional Memory and Hydrodynamic Transport in Two-Dimensional Electron Fluids
It was found recently that 2D electron fluids can support collective excitations that are not subject to Landau's \(T^2\) dissipation [1,2,3]. This surprising behavior originates from the head-on carrier collisions, a process that dominates angular relaxation at not-too-high temperatures \(T \ll T_F\) due to the joint effect of Pauli blocking and kinematic constraints. As a result, a large family of exceptionally long-lived excitations emerges, associated with the odd-parity harmonics of momentum distribution. This leads to "tomographic" dynamics: fast 1D spatial diffusion along the unchanging velocity direction accompanied by a slow angular dynamics that gradually randomizes velocity orientation. The abnormally slow angular relaxation originates from correlated angular dynamics involving "lock-step'' angular displacements along the Fermi surface occurring in collinear two-particle collisions. The slow loss of directional memory is described as non-Brownian angular random walk, "superdiffusion" on the Fermi surface. The collective behavior with directional memory dominates at moderately long times, pushing the onset of conventional hydrodynamics to abnormally large timescales. The tomographic regime features an unusual hierarchy of time and length scales, resulting in scale-dependent transport coefficients. The scale dependence manifests itself in fractional-power current flow profiles and unusual conductance scaling vs. temperature and sample size. This exotic behavior can be directly probed by transport measurement techniques, as well as by momentum-resolved tunneling measurements.
1. P J Ledwith, H Guo, L Levitov, The Hierarchy of Excitation Lifetimes in Two-Dimensional Fermi Gases,
Annals of Physics 411, 167913 (2019)
2. P J Ledwith, H Guo, A V Shytov, L Levitov,
Tomographic Dynamics and Scale-Dependent Viscosity in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems,
Phys Rev Lett 123, 116601 (2019)
3. P J Ledwith, H Guo, L Levitov, Angular Dynamics and Directional Memory in Two-Dimensional Electron Fluids,
2019
Zoom Meeting: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/123036826 -
Prof. G. Fernando, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Quasi-two-dimensional organics, Hubbard ladders, and dynamic stability", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
4/3
Prof. G. Fernando, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Quasi-two-dimensional organics, Hubbard ladders, and dynamic stability", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, April 3rd, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus video conferencing
Prof. G. Fernando, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
Quasi-two-dimensional organics, Hubbard ladders, and dynamic stability
This presentation is a summary of several projects we have been working on during the past few years.
Our work covers electronic structure calculations of selected organic materials, searches for Dirac and Weyl materials as well as many-body physics of small clusters. In addition, recent developments in time crystal ideas are being examined at the many-body level. Our main interests are focused on several active areas in condensed matter physics such as topological materials, phase separation in small Hubbard clusters, unconventional superconductivity such as odd-frequency or photo-molecular high temperature superconductivity, frustrated magnetic systems such as quantum spin liquids and transport properties in two-dimensional systems. In addition, there is an ongoing effort on probing some fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics.
The link to the presentation:
https://physics.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2234/2020/04/phys_seminar_apr3_20.pptx -
Dr. Raffaella DeVita, INFN Genoa and Jefferson Lab, "Hadron spectroscopy in the light quark sector", Particle, Astrophysics, and Nuclear Physics Seminar2:00pm
3/30
Dr. Raffaella DeVita, INFN Genoa and Jefferson Lab, "Hadron spectroscopy in the light quark sector", Particle, Astrophysics, and Nuclear Physics Seminar
Monday, March 30th, 2020
02:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus GS-413E
Dr. Raffaella DeVita, INFN Genoa and Jefferson Lab
Hadron spectroscopy in the light quark sector -
Prof. Masafumi Fukuma, Kyoto University , "Title/abstract TBA", Particle, Astrophysics, and Nuclear Physics Seminar2:00pm
3/23
Prof. Masafumi Fukuma, Kyoto University , "Title/abstract TBA", Particle, Astrophysics, and Nuclear Physics Seminar
Monday, March 23rd, 2020
02:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus GS-413E
Prof. Masafumi Fukuma, Kyoto University
Title/abstract TBA -
CANCELLED:, Dr. J. Nathan Hohman, Institute of Materials Science and the Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, CANCELLED: Condensed Matter Physics Seminar2:00pm
3/17
CANCELLED:, Dr. J. Nathan Hohman, Institute of Materials Science and the Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, CANCELLED: Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Tuesday, March 17th, 2020
02:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus GS 119
CANCELLED:
Dr. J. Nathan Hohman,
Institute of Materials Science and the Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut
Self-Assembly of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials in Crystalline Ensemble
When reduced in size to the nanoscale, materials express compelling new phenomena. For example, a single layer abstracted from graphite leads to fantastic new properties in graphene, or a nanocrystal of gold takes on new optical properties as a nanoparticle. Making materials very small or very thin has been an easy way to prepare exciting new materials--for example, the 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have a long history of investigation prior to the recent interest in their monolayers for applications in photovoltaics, electrocatalysts, and spintronic materials. 2D phases have been uncovered for a number of elements and binary semiconductors, although many compounds do not share the same propensity to form 2D structures. Through the use of hybrid materials like hybrid perovskites and metal organic chalcogenide assemblies (MOCHAs), low-dimensional nanostructures can be prepared that are part of a crystalline ensemble, unlocking new portions of the period table to the exploration of low-dimensional phases. Importantly, hybrid materials combine organic components which enables structural and electronic direction at the molecular scale. Here, we consider the structure and organization of mithrene- silver benzeneselenolate- a self-assembling layered hybrid structure, and examine its optoelectronic properties in the context of a 2D-like material. Synthetic manipulation of dimensionality and topology is used to prepare a family of related crystalline polymer systems, and the role of intermolecular forces and molecular geometry on the inorganic phases are considered in the context of transitions between 1D, 2D, and 3D coordination polymer systems. -
Due to the current health situation and concerns surrounding the Corona virus, we are canceling the Katzenstein Lecture and Banquet scheduled for Friday, March 13, 2020., CANCELLED: 24th Annual Katzenstein Distinguished Lecture4:00pm
3/13
Due to the current health situation and concerns surrounding the Corona virus, we are canceling the Katzenstein Lecture and Banquet scheduled for Friday, March 13, 2020., CANCELLED: 24th Annual Katzenstein Distinguished Lecture
Friday, March 13th, 2020
04:00 PM - 05:00 PM
Storrs Campus Student Union Theater
Due to the current health situation and concerns surrounding the Corona virus, we are canceling the Katzenstein Lecture and Banquet scheduled for Friday, March 13, 2020.
Presented by the UConn Physics Department, the Katzenstein Distinguished Lecture series continues this spring. This year's program features Professor Donna Strickland of the University of Waterloo, 2018 Nobel Prize winner in Physics for co-inventing chirped pulse amplification, a technique for creating high-intensity ultrashort optical pulses. More information about Professor Strickland can be found at https://physics.uconn.edu/2020/03/04/professor-donna-strickland-katzenstein-distinguished-lecturer-march-13-2020/ -
Prof. A. Wuosmaa, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Exotic Nuclei -- Modern Directions in Nuclear Physics", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
3/13
Prof. A. Wuosmaa, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "Exotic Nuclei -- Modern Directions in Nuclear Physics", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, March 13th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus GS-119
Prof. A. Wuosmaa, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
Exotic Nuclei -- Modern Directions in Nuclear Physics
The study of so-called "exotic nuclei" -- atomic nuclei with a large imbalance between the number of neutrons and protons -- is a major focus of nuclear-physics research today. Our understanding of the structure of nuclei far from stability is rather poor in comparison to what we know about stable nuclei, and that knowledge is important for understanding, for example, violent events in the cosmos responsible for the synthesis of the chemical elements. I will discuss some basics of nuclear structure, some examples where nuclear structure influences astrophysics, and how we can study the properties of exotic nuclei in the laboratory. Finally, I will describe a new accelerator facility that will be completed within the next two years which will enable a deeper understanding of the properties of exotic nuclei and will provide many new opportunities for research. -
Dr. Sumanta Bandyopadhyay, Nordita, "Superconductivity in a nonhermitian system and Berezinksii classification ", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar2:00pm
3/11
Dr. Sumanta Bandyopadhyay, Nordita, "Superconductivity in a nonhermitian system and Berezinksii classification ", Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Wednesday, March 11th, 2020
02:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus GS 119
Dr. Sumanta Bandyopadhyay,
Nordita
Superconductivity in a nonhermitian system and Berezinksii classification
We have investigated the effects of nonhemriticty on superconducting states. Nonhermiticity enters our system due to electrons leaking out of/into (in case of pumping) the system. We have explicitly constructed several unconventional pairing amplitudes in nonhermitian systems in thep resence and absence of the particle-hole symmetry. We find nonhermitian dynamics induces odd frequency superconducting states, and we present the related experimental observables. We have further studied the robustness of the Berezinskii classification [1] of anomalous pairing amplitude in the presence of the nonhermiticity and shown that SP∗OT∗=−1 symmetry withstands nonhermiticity. -
CANCELLED:, Dr. A. B. Belonoshko, Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, CANCELLED: Condensed Matter Physics Seminar2:00pm
3/10
CANCELLED:, Dr. A. B. Belonoshko, Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, CANCELLED: Condensed Matter Physics Seminar
Tuesday, March 10th, 2020
02:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Storrs Campus GS 119
CANCELLED:
Dr. A. B. Belonoshko,
Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Iron under extreme conditions
I will report the latest theoretical data on the iron phase diagram. A particular emphasis will be on the stabilization of the high-PT body-centered cubic (bcc) Fe under conditions of the Earth Inner Core [1] and how its stabilization interfere in the interpretation of iron melting curve and resolution of related enigmatic questions.
The mechanism of the high-PT bcc Fe phase stabilization is quite unique. The atoms in this structure move at times as in a liquid [2]. Therefore, the mean square displacement never saturates and the diffusion coefficient and the viscosity of the bcc Fe are similar to those in very viscous liquid [3].
Recently, our theoretical prediction of the stability of high-PT bcc Fe phase [1,4] was confirmed by diamond anvil cell experiments [5]. Interesting, that when a number of the experimental studies analyzed with the knowledge of the physics of the bcc Fe phase, those experiments confirm the stability of the new phase rather than contradict it.
I will show how the X-ray diffraction pattern of the bcc Fe looks like and discuss whether similar XRD patterns have already been observed in Fe high-PT melting experiments. I will demonstrate that the stabilization of the bcc phase was at times misinterpreted as melting.
The similarity of the bcc and liquid iron under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature revives the speculations on the existence of the critical solid-liquid point.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council.
[1] A. B. Belonoshko, T. Lukinov, J. Fu, J. Zhao, S. Davis, S. I. Simak Nature Geoscience 10, 312 (2017).
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5Rl7mtxiEY
[3] A. B. Belonoshko, J. Fu, T. Bryk, S. I. Simak, M. Mattesini, Nature Communications 10, 1-7 (2019).
[4] A. B. Belonoshko, R. Ahuja, B. Johansson, Nature 424, 1032 (2003).
[5] R. Hrubiak, Y. Meng, G. Shen, arXiv:1804.05109 Experimental evidence of a body centered cubic iron at the Earth's core conditions. -
Dr. Ali Kaya, Department of Physics, Harvard University, "Challenging the initial condition prescriptions in quantum cosmology", Physics Colloquium (Dr. Ali Kaya)3:30pm
3/6
Dr. Ali Kaya, Department of Physics, Harvard University, "Challenging the initial condition prescriptions in quantum cosmology", Physics Colloquium (Dr. Ali Kaya)
Friday, March 6th, 2020
03:30 PM - 04:30 PM
Storrs Campus BPB-131
Dr. Ali Kaya, Department of Physics, Harvard University
Challenging the initial condition prescriptions in quantum cosmology
Determining the initial state of the universe is a challenging problem in quantum cosmology and there are popular suggestions like the no boundary (Hawking & Hartle) and the tunneling (Vilenkin) prescriptions.
After briefly reviewing the problem, we argue that the quantum theory of gravity must resolve the big-bang singularity either by yielding a regular past eternal evolution or by a smooth finite beginning; in both cases the initial state can in principle be totally arbitrary that need not to be restricted by any ad-hoc principle. We illustrate this point in a minisuperspace toy model where there is a smooth beginning of the universe provided by the matter Hamiltonian degenerating to the zero operator. This simple model also illustrates how quantum gravity may resolve the big-bang singularity. -
Prof. A. Balatsky, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut and NORDITA, "Materials Informatics and Quantum Matter ", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
3/6
Prof. A. Balatsky, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut and NORDITA, "Materials Informatics and Quantum Matter ", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, March 6th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus GS-119
Prof. A. Balatsky, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut and NORDITA
Materials Informatics and Quantum Matter
High-throughput calculations using first-principles methods in combination with approaches from data mining and machine learning fields have enabled a new stage in accelerated discovery of functional materials with special properties. I will present newly developed Organic Materials Database (OMDB, https://omdb.diracmaterials.org/) and discuss use of these methods. Our platform hosts thousands of electronic structures of synthesized organic materials [1] and is a useful tool in searching for novel materials. I will also discuss the implemented tools to predict and search magnetic structure factors and exchange coupling of organic materials in our database. Our work is a step towards a new way to search for novel functional materials characterized by a specific pattern in their electronic structure, for example, Dirac materials, topological insulators [2,3]. I will also present the ongoing work on the dynamics of quantum matter, where we predict transient collective instabilities in driven quantum systems [4].
[1] Stanislav S. Borysov http://et.al, (2017), PLoS ONE 12(2): http://e0171501.doi:10.137 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171501
[2] R. M. Geilhufe, S. S. Borysov, D. Kalpakchi, A.V. Balatsky, Physical Review Materials 2:2, (2018): 024802
[3] R. Matthias Geilhufe, Bart Olsthoorn, Alfredo D. Ferella, Timo Koski, Felix Kahlhoefer, Jan Conrad and Alexander V. Balatsky, Phys. Status Solidi RRL, 2018, 12, 1800293. S. Borysov et al, npj Computational Materials volume 4, Article number: 46 (2018)
[4] A Pertsova, AV Balatsky, Dynamically Induced Excitonic Instability in Pumped Dirac Materials, Annalen der Physik, 1900549 (2020) -
Prof. M. Gai, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "The Big Bang", Graduate Student Seminar12:15pm
2/28
Prof. M. Gai, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, "The Big Bang", Graduate Student Seminar
Friday, February 28th, 2020
12:15 PM - 01:15 PM
Storrs Campus GS-119
Prof. M. Gai, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut
The Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is one of the most fundamental theory of nature. In particular Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is a parameter free theory, that gave one of the first and strongest evidence for the Big Bang theory. Current observation of primordial elements (that were produced during BBN), that are measured in some cases with an accuracy nearing 1%, are predicted at the same level of accuracy, with excellent agreement with observation. But one nagging problem remains: the production of 7Li in BBN is approximately a factor 3 and close to 5 sigma smaller than the prediction of BBN. This problem has been known over the last forty years as the "Primordial 7Li Problem".
We will review the Big Bang theory and BBN and describe an attempt to solve the lithium problem in the Master work of Emily Kading at UConn. We conclude that currently, there is still no standard solution to the lithium problem.